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Dr. MacDonald has nearly 40 years experience in RNA biology and 20 years in reproductive biology. Dr. MacDonald participated in early studies into the mechanisms of mRNA polyadenylation, discovering and characterizing the CstF-64 RNA-binding protein that controls mRNA polyadenylation. Later, he discovered Ï„CstF-64 (gene name, CSTF2T), a testis-expressed paralog of CstF-64 that is essential for spermatogenesis. More recently, he has been examining tissue-specific modes of alternative polyadenylation in testis, brain, and stem cells.